Remaking America by George Shollenberger, Idea XXXIV (The science of Gottfried Leibniz, Part XIII)

On page 116 of ‘Leibniz: Philosophical Writings’ by G. H. R. Parkinson, Leibniz says that matter alone is passive and that a mechanical universe would merely be a collection or accumulation of ‘parts’ ad infinitum. Such parts, he says, can be real only if they are made of true unities that come from elsewhere. (The word elsewhere means God.)

Since the true unities he sought are different from geometrical points, he sought animated points that consist of a force such as a feeling or appetite. But, like our soul that cannot explain the economy of our bodies, the animated points cannot explain the whole universe. Thus, these animated points are not like passive physical atoms that today’s physicists are seeking to explain the whole universe.

In the ancient period, Aristotle called such animated points ‘entelechies.’ Leibniz decided to call them primitive forces because they are an original activity. Eventually, Leibniz calls them 'monads.' In my book, ‘The First Scientific Proof of God,’ I call them spiritual atoms.

Today, Leibniz’s monads challenge the evolutionary theory, which is taught in U.S. public schools. Like our minds, the primitive forces are indivisible, can begin and end only by God.

Of interest is the challenge of evolutionary theory by Michael Behe in his popular book, ‘Darwin’s Black Box.’ On page 39, Behe quotes Darwin as follows:

"If it could be demonstrated that any complex organ existed which could not possibly have been formed by numerous, successive, slight modification, my theory would absolutely break down."

On the same page, Behe asks, "What type of biological system could not be formed by ‘numerous, successive, slight modification?" Behe’s answer is as follows:

"Well, for starters, a system that is irreducibly complex. By irreducibly complex I mean a single system composed of several well-matched, interacting parts that contribute to the basic function, wherein the removal of any one of the parts causes the system to effectively cease functioning."

I conclude that Behe’s irreducible complexes are God made-wholes that have an uncountable number of parts, as I discuss in my 11/18/08 blog. I also conclude that irreducible complexes are Leibniz’s primitive forces, which are equivalent to my spiritual atoms.

In this blog, it is now very clear that evolutionary theory is false. Further, the atheistic idea that apes slowly change to humans is shown to be not possible.